Creating Artificial Volcanoes with Sun Blocking Chemicals and Sucking Carbon Dioxide to Prevent Runaway Global Warming and Climate Change! Learn about the Technology and History of Geoengineering.

Geoengineering, Climate Engineering, and Climate Intervention

“The emissions and the climate change that we’re causing with that is already a massive experiment on our world that we don’t really know the outcome of. So I don’t think we should start another set of experiments and go into geoengineering. I think we should get our act together and reduce our emissions.” U.N. Assistant Secretary-General Janos Pasztor

Geoengineering is the term associated with technology used to address climate change and global warming with solutions ranging from painting roofs white, to genetically modified crops that reflect light, dumping iron in the ocean to make algae grow, pumping salt into clouds to make them shiny, and even mirrors in space and acid clouds to block the sun.

We oppose all methods of geoengineering which include spraying our skies with chemicals or making clouds to block sunlight. You cannot solve pollution problems with more pollution.

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) is the process of blocking and reflecting sunlight with man-made chemicals like Aluminum, Sulfur, Titanium, and even Diamond Dust. Scientists seek to mimic volcanoes and cool our planet despite the obvious moral and legal implications. (see Stratospheric Sulfur Geoengineering - Benefits and Risks by Alan Robock)

The most obvious reason that global weather control with Geoengineering SRM can not happen in the next decade is simple: Nobody has been able to prove the efficacy of cloud-seeding for over 60 years.

Below is a table of contents for my research regarding climate engineering, maps, interactive timeline, and my solution: The Environmental Modification Accountability Act.

Presentations

Geoengineering Technology

Solar Radiation Management (SRM)

Also referred to as Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)

SRM techniques attempt to reflect sunlight back into space, and include a range of ideas, from orbiting mirrors, tonnes of sulphates sprayed into the stratosphere, and modifying clouds, plants and ice to make them more reflect more sunlight.

Some climate scientists are now proposing geoengineering interventions in the atmosphere to suppress global warming - most prominently Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI): The idea here is to inject inorganic particles – such as sulphur dioxide – into the stratosphere to block incoming sunlight.

In other schemes, plastic beads and other materials are proposed to cover ice surfaces to prevent them from melting. These schemes to manipulate our ecosystems come with great risks and uncertainties, as well as with foreseeable adverse impacts on our natural ecosystems and human communities depending on them.

The video below presents SAI as a method of Solar Radiation Management and focusses on the risks, negative impacts and potential side-effects of this “solution” for tackling climate change. These include severe implications for international peace and security.

“A technofix for the climate? Atmospheric geoengineering (Solar Radiation Management)”Watch this Video on YouTube
Earth Radiation Management (ERM)

ERM proponents suggest that negative effects of climate change can be offset by allowing heat to escape into space – for example, by cirrus cloud thinning or cirrus cloud seeding.

If the time and place of seeding is selected with care, the climate effect of cirrus thinning can be enhanced. For that, only the long-wave warming effect of cirrus clouds should be targeted, and their solar effect should be avoided. This can be achieved if seeding is limited to high-latitude winters or to nighttime seeding.

Lohmann, Ulrike, and Blaž Gasparini. "A cirrus cloud climate dial?." Science 357.6348 (2017): 248-249. DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3325

Geoengineering Solar Radiation Management versus Earth Radiation Management
“CLOUDLESS NIGHTS? Cirrus Cloud Thinning #CirrusCloudsMatter”Watch this Video on YouTube
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)

These proposals posit that it’s possible to suck carbon out of the atmosphere on a massive scale, using a combination of biological and mechanical methods, from seeding the ocean with iron pellets to create plankton blooms to creating forests of mechanical “artificial trees”.

Some climate scientists are now proposing geoengineering interventions on land to halt global warming - most prominently Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), which combines two controversial technologies: bioenergy and CCS. These schemes to manipulate our ecosystems and global natural processes come with great risks and uncertainties, as well as with foreseeable adverse impacts on land ecosystems and human communities depending on them.

The video below presents BECCS as the posterchild of Carbon Dioxide Removal technologies on land. We focus on the risks, negative impacts and potential side-effects of BECCS, and address some of the real solutions the land sector offers for tackling climate change.

“A technofix for the climate? Land based geoengineering (BECCS)”Watch this Video on YouTube
Geoengineering Methods: Solar Radiation Modification and Carbon Dioxide Removal Infographic

Geoengineering FAQ

Who’s Funding Geoengineering Research, Governance, and Deployment?

David Keith

David Keith Geoengineering Solar Radiation Modification Author

Ken Caldeira

Ken Caldeira Geoengineering Solar Radiation Modification Author

Ben Kravitz

Ben Kravitz Geoengineering Solar Radiation Modification Author

Alan Robock

Alan Robock Geoengineering Solar Radiation Modification Author
Oldham P, Szerszynski B, Stilgoe J, Brown C, Eacott B, Yuille A. Mapping the landscape of climate engineering. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 372, 20140065. (2014) doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0065 • DOWNLOAD PDF
Diagram of the global network of solar geoengineering funding

Surprise, Kevin, and J. P. Sapinski. "Economic interests and ideologies behind solar geoengineering research in the United States." Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement (2022).

Necheles, Ella, Lizzie Burns, Amy Chang, and David Keith. "Funding for Solar Geoengineering from 2008-2018." Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Research Program (2018). • DOWNLOAD PDF

Opposition to Geoengineering: Calls for Global Ban

“Hands Off Mother Earth” Manifesto: A Permanent Ban on Geoengineering (2018)

110 civil society organizations and popular movements denounce geoengineering and demand an immediate stop to all open-air experiments. If your organization would like to join the fight against geoengineering and endorse the HOME Manifesto, please send an email.

“Hands Off Mother Earth” Manifesto: A Permanent Ban on Geoengineering

Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement (2022)

On 17 January 2022, more than 60 senior climate scientists and governance scholars from around the world launched a global initiative calling for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering. Hundreds of scholars now support the call for a Non-Use Agreement.

Solar geoengineering deployment cannot be fairly governed globally and poses unacceptable risk if implemented as a future climate policy option.

We call on fellow academics, civil society organizations and concerned individuals to sign our open letter to governments, the United Nations and other actors to stop development and potential use of planetary-scale solar geoengineering technologies.

More than 300 academics from 50 countries have signed our Open Letter for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering
27 Reasons to Ban Geoengineering Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)
27 Reasons Stratospheric Geoengineering is a Bad Idea - Alan Robock

Robock, Alan. "Stratospheric Sulfur Geoengineering - Benefits and Risks." 21st Conference on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, American Meteorological Society 98th Annual Meeting (2018).

Geoengineering, also called climate engineering, has been proposed to address global warming, involving “solar radiation management (SRM)” by injecting particles into the stratosphere, brightening clouds, or blocking sunlight with satellites between the Sun and Earth. (“Geoengineering” also refers to carbon dioxide reduction, a completely different proposed technology, with different costs and governance. It is not addressed here.) While volcanic eruptions have been suggested as innocuous examples of stratospheric aerosols cooling the planet, the volcano analog actually argues against stratospheric geoengineering because of ozone depletion and regional hydrologic responses. No such systems to conduct stratospheric geoengineering now exist, but a comparison of different proposed stratospheric injection schemes, using airplanes, balloons, and artillery, shows that using airplanes to put sulfur gases into the stratosphere would not be expensive. Nevertheless, it would be very difficult to create stratospheric sulfate particles with a desirable size distribution.

Our Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), conducting climate model experiments with standard stratospheric aerosol injection scenarios, is ongoing. We have found that if we could counteract increasing greenhouse gases with global insolation reduction we could keep the global average temperature constant, but global average precipitation would reduce, particularly in summer monsoon regions around the world. Temperature changes would also not be uniform. The tropics would cool, but high latitudes would warm, with continuing, but reduced sea ice and ice sheet melting. New experiments with time- and space-varying sulfate injections, or that combine stratospheric SRM with surface brightening, show that it may be possible to control to some extent these regional differences. Temperature extremes would still increase, but not as much as without SRM.

If SRM were halted all at once, there would be rapid temperature and precipitation increases at 5-10 times the rates from gradual global warming. Sudden geoengineering termination would more than double temperature velocities for the land and ocean, and would more than triple temperature velocities in multiple global biodiversity hotspots. These geoengineering-associated velocities exceed even the most optimistic dispersal rate estimates for many species, increasing local extinction risks. Rapid geoengineering implementation and termination would significantly increase the threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems from climate change.

SRM combined with CO2 fertilization would have small impacts on rice production in China, but would increase maize production. New experiments with the Community Earth System Model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which includes comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, show that SRM using stratospheric aerosols would reduce stratospheric ozone and enhance surface UV-B radiation. The enhanced downward diffuse radiation would increase the surface CO2sink. Surface ozone and tropospheric chemistry would likely be affected by SRM, but the overall effect is strongly dependent on the SRM scheme.

If there were a way to continuously inject SO2 into the lower stratosphere, it would produce global cooling, stopping melting of the ice caps, and increasing the uptake of CO2 by plants. But there are at least 27 reasons why stratospheric geoengineering may be a bad idea. These include disruption of the Asian and African summer monsoons, reducing precipitation to the food supply for billions of people; ozone depletion; no more blue skies; reduction of solar power; and rapid global warming if it stops. Furthermore, there are concerns about commercial or military control, and it may seriously degrade terrestrial astronomy and satellite remote sensing. Global efforts to reduce anthropogenic emissions (mitigation) and to adapt to climate change are a much better way to channel our resources to address anthropogenic global warming.

“Stratospheric Sulfur Geoengineering - Benefits and Risks.”Watch this Video on YouTube
Solar Radiation Modification Will Kill People

David Keith admits geoengineering SRM will kill many tens of thousands of people

“Geoengineering Debate - August.07.2013 (1:10:17)”Watch this Video on YouTube

SRM geoengineering: how to deal with the losers?

It is likely that any SRM geoengineering intervention will create winners and losers and some nations may always be against any intervention whatsoever.

Gregory Benford raised the issue of reaching agreement on the global scale and how problematic it would be. If for example the arctic council of nations agreed to initiate a decade-long field trial to cool the arctic by 1 C, how could they deal with complaints from nations who felt that this experiment had induced a negative change in their climate?

In any given year there are floods, droughts, heatwaves, etc. but during this field trial a fraction of these events would be attributed (rightly or wrongly, partially or fully) to the intervention. Two questions arise:

Could it be determined if any changes in the climate (outside of the target area) had occurred as a result of the intervention during a 10 year trial?

How would aggrieved nations or peoples seek reparations for perceived negative impacts (scientifically proven or otherwise)?

best regards, Pete Irvine. PhD student, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol

SOURCE: Ken Caldeira's Geoengineering Group

Double catastrophe: Intermittent stratospheric geoengineering induced by societal collapse

System diagram of the double catastrophe scenario.

Perceived failure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has prompted interest in avoiding the harms of climate change via geoengineering, that is, the intentional manipulation of Earth system processes. Perhaps, the most promising geoengineering technique is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), which reflects incoming solar radiation, thereby lowering surface temperatures. This paper analyzes a scenario in which SAI brings great harm on its own. The scenario is based on the issue of SAI intermittency, in which aerosol injection is halted, sending temperatures rapidly back toward where they would have been without SAI. The rapid temperature increase could be quite damaging, which in turn creates a strong incentive to avoid intermittency. In the scenario, a catastrophic societal collapse eliminates society's ability to continue SAI, despite the incentive. The collapse could be caused by a pandemic, nuclear war, or other global catastrophe. The ensuing intermittency hits a population that is already vulnerable from the initial collapse, making for a double catastrophe. While the outcomes of the double catastrophe are difficult to predict, plausible worst-case scenarios include human extinction. The decision to implement SAI is found to depend on whether global catastrophe is more likely from double catastrophe or from climate change alone. The SAI double catastrophe scenario also strengthens arguments for greenhouse gas emissions reductions and against SAI, as well as for building communities that could be self-sufficient during global catastrophes. Finally, the paper demonstrates the value of integrative, systems-based global catastrophic risk analysis.

SOURCE: Baum, Seth D., Timothy M. Maher Jr, and Jacob Haqq-Misra. "Double catastrophe: Intermittent stratospheric geoengineering induced by societal collapse." Environment Systems & Decisions 33.1 (2013): 168-180.

Geoengineering Computer Models Are Flawed

Policy-makers will rely on computer models of a simulated geoengineered world to determine risks associated with deploying solar radiation management. Many geoengineering models exist and their results are summed up by the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). Despite the claimed credulity of these predictive computer models, there will never be a model that can predict the outcome of deploying stratospheric aersol injection due to several facts:

1. Computer models cannot accurately predict the weather seven days from now, but are we to trust simulations of an engineered climate?

2. Computer models do not have enough information to accurately predict risks as described by Alan Robock above: Physical and biological climate system, Human Impacts, Esthetics, Unknows, Governance, or ethical negative impacts.

3. It is necessary to point out that many attempts and experiments to modify the atmospheric processes and weather phenomena have been made in the previous century. However, both geoengineering and weather modification are considered outside the scope of control theory. This gives rise to a number of very important problems, which are currently only formulated in general terms, such as problems related to the validation of the input and output variables, determination of the boundaries of both geoengineering activities and weather modification, statement of climate and weather manipulation goals as well as methods of achieving the objectives.

Soldatenko, Sergei, and Rafael Yusupov. "On the possible use of geophysical cybernetics in climate manipulation (geoengineering) and weather modification." WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development 11 (2015): 116-125.
Experiment Earth: Responsible innovation in geoengineering. GeoMIP model flaws
Stilgoe, Jack. “Experiment Earth: Responsible innovation in geoengineering.” Routledge, 2015. (pg 162) https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315849195DOWNLOAD PDF
Geoengineering Maps

Check out the following Geoengineering and Weather Modification maps to see where the Climate Changers are experimenting with your weather.

ETC Group Geoengineering Map map.geoengineeringmonitor.org
Weather Modification Experiments. View Map on ClimateViewer 3D.

Geoengineering Subsections

For more background information and analysis on geoengineering, and to get involved, please visit https://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/, a civil society information hub on geoengineering, run by ETC Group, Biofuelwatch and Heinrich Böll Foundation.

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